The Hidden Toll of Achievement: Exploring the Psychological Impact of Shadow Education on Student Well-being

Abstract

In today’s rapidly evolving educational environment, a shift towards commercialized models is challenging the traditional view of education as a public good (UNESCO, 2016). Shadow education, a growing industry originating primarily in Asia and now valued in the billions globally, exemplifies this shift. This sector, characterized by private supplementary tutoring outside regular school hours, has become a significant player in the education landscape. This paper explores the effects of shadow education on students' psychological and emotional well-being within this commercialized context. Empirical research was conducted in Chandigarh City, India, focusing on 200 12th-grade students preparing for highly competitive All-India entrance exams in Medicine and Engineering. Descriptive surveys collected quantitative data on enrollment patterns, while qualitative interviews provided insights into students' experiences and perceptions. Institutional documents and records from shadow education institutes were also analyzed for additional evidence. The study reveals troubling trends in shadow education practices, such as lengthy two-year programs and high fees. A significant number of students prioritize shadow education over their regular schooling, resulting in increased anxiety, stress, isolation and diminished emotional resilience. These findings highlight the negative impact of shadow education on students' psychological and emotional well-being. The study contributes to the broader discourse on the commercialization of education, emphasizing the need for policy interventions to address these issues. It also underscores the importance of reassessing educational priorities to ensure that profit motives do not compromise the core principles of equitable access to quality education and social justice.