General Border Committee Malaysia-Indonesia (GBC Malindo) from the Perspective of Comprehensive Border Security Cooperation Model (CBSC Model)

Abstract

Although GBC Malindo is still standing firm since its establishment in 1972 as a security cooperation framework in the management of the Malaysia-Indonesia land border, there are still scholars who question its effectiveness. This doubt is due to the series of security issues at the land border of Malaysia and Indonesia that are still occured. The fact is, GBC Malindo has successfully addressed various issues in border security management. However, it cannot be denied that there are indeed issues and challenges faced from the unavoidable factors. Therefore, in order to verify the effectiveness of GBC Malindo, the analysis will be carried out through the perspective of the Comprehensive Border Security Corporation Model (CBSC Model), based on the evaluation of the six (6) components in the CBSC Model. This model was developed by the researchers based on the writings of four (4) scholars namely Stephen B. Jones (1945), Martin Pratt (2010), Leigh Barrick (2015) and Paul Fawcett et al. (2018) who highlighted the Boundary Making Theory, where this theory has become the basis for the formation of CBSC Model. The analysis results found that all the factors that have affected security cooperation in GBC Malindo have only been successfully addressed with comprehensive border security cooperation through the creation of a legal framework, the establishment of border institutions, government commitment through committed efforts and support, also prospering the border through the exploration of new cooperation, the implementation of economic and social development as well as dealing with security issues through border security cooperation, except in the aspect of security governance where there are still various issues that cannot be resolved and need attention by the government, especially GBC Malindo leaders and secretariat, along with in integrating the community where the level of community involvement in activities planned by Sosek Malindo is still low.